Identifying Counterfeit and Fake N95 Masks

Approximately 10 million fake 3M N95 masks have been distributed in at least five states, and federal, and state authorities are managing to seize and cease the counterfeit ring. The masks are designed to mimic 3M N95 masks, with details including raised marking and printed logos. As a response, 3M has issued a warning describing the model and lot numbers to look out for when purchasing masks. 

The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has also released a guide on how to spot masks that are falsely claimed to be approved by the NIOSH. NIOSH-approved masks will have an official approval label on or within the packaging, and the filtering facepiece respirator (FFR) of the N95 masks should also have an abbreviated approval. 

The NIOSH Certified Equipment List (CEL) or the NIOSH Trusted-Source page can be used as a resource to verify and determine whether NIOSH has approved the respirator. The approved FFRs include N95, N99, N100, R95, R99, R100, P95, P99, and P100.  

Signs that a respirator may be counterfeit:

• No markings at all on the filtering facepiece respirator (FFR).

• No approval (TC) number on FFR or headband.

• No NIOSH markings.

• NIOSH spelled incorrectly.

• Presence of decorative fabric or other decorative add-ons (e.g., sequins).

• Claims of approval for children (NIOSH does not approve any type of respiratory protection for children).

• FFR has ear loops instead of headbands.

NIOSH also offers additional tips on how to identify counterfeit masks, including third-party marketplaces. Some things to consider include: 

• If a listing claims to be “legitimate” and “genuine,” it likely is not.

• Examine transactions history and feedback if possible

• Look for fluctuations of items traded over time (high or low transaction periods)

• Look for price deviations and fluctuations (Is it too good to be true?)

• Look at the quantity a buyer has in stock.

• During a time of shortage, advertising “unlimited stock” could indicate that the respirator is not approved.

• Does the seller break marketplace policy and hide their contact information within images to circumvent filters.

OSHA Proposes Updates to Hazard Communication Standard

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is scheduled to publish a notice of proposed rule update to its Hazard Communication (“Haz Com”) Standard on February 16th, 2021. This proposed change will align its rules with those in the seventh version of the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS).

OSHA’s Haz Com was initially established in 1983, and it provides a systematized approach to communicating workplace hazards associated with exposure to hazardous chemicals. The Haz Com Standard is currently linked to the third version of GHS, which was created in 2012. In the Haz Com Standard, chemical manufacturers are required to classify the hazards of chemical which they produce or import into the US, and employers need to provide information to their employees about the hazardous chemicals to which they are exposed. This includes providing a hazard communication program, labeling and other forms of warning, safety data sheets, and training. The notice of proposed rulemaking will enhance worker protections by updating the Haz Com Standard, which should support more extensive efforts to address workplace hazards such as aggregate exposures and cumulative risk models. 

Some other key modifications included in the proposed rule include:

• New flexibility for labeling bulk shipments of hazardous chemicals, including allowing labels to be placed on the immediate container or transmitted with shipping papers, bills of loading, or by other technological or electronic means that are immediately available to workers in printed form on the receiving end of the shipment;

• New alternative labeling options where a manufacturer or importer can demonstrate that it is not feasible to use traditional pull-out labels, fold-back labels, or tags containing the full label information generally required under the Haz Com Standard, including specific alternative requirements for containers less than or equal to 100ml capacity and for containers less than or equal to 3ml capacity; and

• New requirements to update the labels on individual containers that have been released for shipment but are awaiting future distribution where the manufacturer, importer, or distributor become aware of new significant information regarding the chemical’s hazards.

OSHA will be accepting comments on the proposed rule until April 19th, 2021. Comments can be submitted at https://www.regulations.gov/. 

New COVID Testing Guidance Requiring Employers To Obtain Informed Consent

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently issued new guidance that will require employers to get informed consent from employees before testing them for COVID-19. In October, the CDC released guidance on employer testing, but it did not issue revised guidance containing the informed consent requirement until January 21. The new guidance states that “informed consent required disclosure, understanding, and free choice and is necessary for an employee to act independently and make choices according to their values, goals, and preferences.”

Earlier guidance issued by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) also directed employers to obtain informed consent before testing. The CDC recommends employers to provide the workers who will be tested with “complete and understandable information about how the employer’s testing program may impact employee’ lives, such as if a positive test result or declination to participate in testing may mean exclusion from work.” 

According to the CDC, a few things for an employer to consider when developing a COVID testing program should be:

• Why is the employer offering the test to begin with?

• How frequently will employees be tested?

• How to effectively obtain employee consent.

• What to do if an employee declines to be tested.

The CDC also offers a list of key measures an employer should implement when developing a testing program to ensure that informed consent is obtained, including:

• Ensure safeguards are in place to protect an employee’s privacy and confidentiality.

• Provide complete and understandable information about how the employer’s testing program may impact employees’ lives, such as if a positive test result or declination to participate in testing may mean exclusion from work.

• Explain any parts of the testing program an employee would consider especially important when deciding whether to participate. This involves explaining the key reasons that may guide their decision.

• Provide information about the testing program in the employee’s preferred language using non-technical terms. Consider obtaining employee input on the readability of the information. Employers can use this tool to create clear messages.

• Encourage supervisors and co-workers to avoid pressuring employees to participate in testing.

• Encourage and answer questions during the consent process. The consent process is active information sharing between an employer or their representative and an employee, in which the employer discloses the information, answers questions to facilitate understanding, and promotes the employee’s free choice.

Baltimore Gas and Electric Fined Over $437,000 for Safety Violations in a 2019 Gas Explosion

Maryland has fined Baltimore Gas and Electric (BGE) for over $437,000 on January 7th, 2021, for safety violations related to a 2019 gas explosion at a Columbia office park. The state has also ordered the utility company to follow through on a remediation plan to upgrade gas lines for more than 1,250 buildings, which could cost around $17 million to prevent future accidents. 

The Public Service Commission of Maryland (PSC) revealed that BGE violated numerous state and federal statutes and regulations. They were ordered to pay two installments of $218,647, and it must be paid within 15 business days. BGE released a statement noting that they have 57 projects currently and have been working to improve 253 gas and electric common service trenches configured the same as those in the explosion. They expect to complete all of the projects by the end of 2021. 

BGE also plans to upgrade an additional 1,000 buildings with smaller-diameter gas pipes, using new practices designed to restrict gas service when the gas flow exceeds certain limits. They expect the upgrades to be completed by the end of 2023. All of these projects will ensure the safe and reliable operations of the BGE system so that future accidents can be prevented.

EPA Issues Final Rules to Reduce Exposure to Five PBT Chemicals

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released final rules under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) that will reduce exposure to five chemicals that are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT). The FDA released a statement that “PBT chemicals are of particular concern not only because they are toxic but also because they remain in the environment for long periods and can build up or accumulate in the body.” These agency efforts can be an essential step to protect the health of children, workers, and fishers in America. 

The finals rules will limit or prohibit the manufacturer, processing, and distribution in commerce of the following five chemicals:

• Decabromodiphenyl ether (DecaBDE)

• Phenol, isopropylated phosphate 3:1 (PIP (3:1))

• 2,4,6-tris(tert-butyl) phenol (2,4,6-TTBP)

• Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD)

• Pentachlorothiophenol (PCTP)

DecaBDE

DecaBDE is toxic to aquatic invertebrates, fish, and terrestrial invertebrates. There have been reports of the chemical having developmental, neurological, and immunological effects. 

Even though many uses of decaBDE have ceased, EPA has concluded that humans or the environment are likely exposed to decaBDE under certain conditions. 

Acceptable uses include: 

• Manufacture, processing, and distribution in commerce for use in curtains in the hospitality industry.

• Processing and distribution in commerce for use in wire and cable insulation in nuclear power generation facilities.

• Manufacture, processing, and distribution in commerce for use in parts for new aerospace vehicles, and distribution in commerce of the new vehicles containing such parts

• Manufacture, processing, and distribution in commerce for use in replacement parts in motor vehicles, and distribution in commerce of the replacement parts themselves.

PIP (3:1)

PIP (3:1) is toxic to aquatic plants, aquatic invertebrates, sediment invertebrates, and fish. There is potential for reproductive and developmental effects, neurological effects, and effects on systemic organs, specifically adrenals, liver, ovaries, heart, and lung. 

Acceptable uses include: 

• Processing and distribution in commerce for use in aviation hydraulic fluid in hydraulic systems and use in specialty hydraulic fluids for military applications

• Processing and distribution in commerce for use in lubricants and greases;

• Processing and distribution in commerce for use in new and replacement parts for the aerospace and automotive industries;

• Processing and distribution in commerce for use in specialized engine air filters for locomotive and marine applications;

• Processing and distribution in commerce for use in sealants and adhesives; and

2,4,6-TTBP

2,4,6-TTBP is toxic to aquatic plants, aquatic invertebrates, and fish and also has the potential for liver and developmental effects.

The EPA prohibits the distribution in commerce of 2,4,6-TTBP and products containing 2,4,6-TTBP at concentrations above 0.3% by weight in any container with a volume of fewer than 35 gallons. In order to effectively prevent the use of 2,4,6-TTBP as a fuel additive or fuel injector cleaner by consumers and small commercial operations (e.g., automotive repair shops, marinas).

HCBD

HCBD is toxic to aquatic invertebrates, fish, and birds and has been identified as a possible human carcinogen. Data indicate the potential for renal, reproductive, and developmental effects.

The EPA is prohibiting the manufacturing (including import), processing, and distribution in commerce of HCBD and HCBD-containing products or articles, except for the unintentional production of HCBD as a by-product during the production of chlorinated solvents, and the processing and distribution in commerce of HCBD for burning as a waste fuel.

PCTP

PCTP is toxic to protozoa, fish, terrestrial plants, and birds. Data for analogous chemicals (pentachloronitrobenzene and hexachlorobenzene) indicate the potential for liver and reproductive effects. However, no animal or human hazard data have been identified.

The EPA prohibits manufacturing (including import), processing, and distribution in commerce of PCTP and products or articles containing PCTP unless PCTP concentrations are at or below 1% by weight.